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Paradigm Generator
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kožmakaltam | om kožmakalt |
| 2SG: | kožmakaltat | ot kožmakalt |
| 3SG: | kožmakalteš | ok/ogeš kožmakalt |
| 1PL: | kožmakaltə̑na | ona/ogə̑na kožmakalt |
| 2PL: | kožmakaltə̑da | oda/ogə̑da kožmakalt |
| 3PL: | kožmakaltə̑t | ogə̑t kožmakalt |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kožmakaltə̑m | šə̑m kožmakalt |
| 2SG: | kožmakaltə̑č́ | šə̑č́ kožmakalt |
| 3SG: | kožmakalte | ə̑š kožmakalt |
| 1PL: | kožmakaltna | ə̑šna kožmakalt |
| 2PL: | kožmakaltda | ə̑šda kožmakalt |
| 3PL: | kožmakaltə̑č́ | ə̑št kožmakalt |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kožmakaltə̑nam | kožmakaltə̑n omə̑l |
| 2SG: | kožmakaltə̑nat | kožmakaltə̑n otə̑l |
| 3SG: | kožmakaltə̑n | kožmakaltə̑n ogə̑l |
| 1PL: | kožmakaltə̑nna | kožmakaltə̑n onal/ogə̑nal |
| 2PL: | kožmakaltə̑nda | kožmakaltə̑n odal/ogə̑dal |
| 3PL: | kožmakaltə̑nə̑t | kožmakaltə̑n ogə̑tə̑l |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kožmakaltam ə̑l'e | om kožmakalt ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | kožmakaltat ə̑l'e | ot kožmakalt ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | kožmakalteš ə̑l'e | ok/ogeš kožmakalt ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | kožmakaltə̑na ə̑l'e | ona/ogə̑na kožmakalt ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | kožmakaltə̑da ə̑l'e | oda/ogə̑da kožmakalt ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | kožmakaltə̑t ə̑l'e | ogə̑t kožmakalt ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kožmakaltam ulmaš | om kožmakalt ulmaš |
| 2SG: | kožmakaltat ulmaš | ot kožmakalt ulmaš |
| 3SG: | kožmakalteš ulmaš | ok/ogeš kožmakalt ulmaš |
| 1PL: | kožmakaltə̑na ulmaš | ona/ogə̑na kožmakalt ulmaš |
| 2PL: | kožmakaltə̑da ulmaš | oda/ogə̑da kožmakalt ulmaš |
| 3PL: | kožmakaltə̑t ulmaš | ogə̑t kožmakalt ulmaš |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kožmakaltə̑nam ə̑l'e | kožmakaltə̑n omə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | kožmakaltə̑nat ə̑l'e | kožmakaltə̑n otə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | kožmakaltə̑n ə̑l'e | kožmakaltə̑n ogə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | kožmakaltə̑nna ə̑l'e | kožmakaltə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | kožmakaltə̑nda ə̑l'e | kožmakaltə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | kožmakaltə̑nə̑t ə̑l'e | kožmakaltə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kožmakaltə̑nam ulmaš | kožmakaltə̑n omə̑l ulmaš |
| 2SG: | kožmakaltə̑nat ulmaš | kožmakaltə̑n otə̑l ulmaš |
| 3SG: | kožmakaltə̑n ulmaš | kožmakaltə̑n ogə̑l ulmaš |
| 1PL: | kožmakaltə̑nna ulmaš | kožmakaltə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ulmaš |
| 2PL: | kožmakaltə̑nda ulmaš | kožmakaltə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | kožmakaltə̑nə̑t ulmaš | kožmakaltə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ulmaš |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | kožmakalt | it kožmakalt |
| 3SG: | kožmakaltše | ə̑nže kožmakalt |
| 1PL: | (kožmakaltə̑na) | (ona/ogə̑na kožmakalt) |
| 2PL: | kožmakaltsa | ida kožmakalt |
| 3PL: | kožmakaltə̑št | ə̑nə̑št kožmakalt |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kožmakaltnem | ə̑nem kožmakalt |
| 2SG: | kožmakaltnet | ə̑net kožmakalt |
| 3SG: | kožmakaltneže | ə̑než kožmakalt |
| 1PL: | kožmakaltnena | ə̑nena kožmakalt |
| 2PL: | kožmakaltneda | ə̑neda kožmakalt |
| 3PL: | kožmakaltnešt | ə̑nešt kožmakalt |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kožmakaltnem ə̑l'e | ə̑nem kožmakalt ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | kožmakaltnena ə̑l'e | ə̑net kožmakalt ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | kožmakaltneže ə̑l'e | ə̑než kožmakalt ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | kožmakaltnena ə̑l'e | ə̑nena kožmakalt ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | kožmakaltneda ə̑l'e | ə̑neda kožmakalt ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | kožmakaltnešt ə̑l'e | ə̑nešt kožmakalt ə̑l'e |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | kožmakaltnet ulmaš | ə̑net kožmakalt ulmaš |
| 3SG: | kožmakaltneže ulmaš | ə̑než kožmakalt ulmaš |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | kožmakaltneda ulmaš | ə̑neda kožmakalt ulmaš |
| 3PL: | kožmakaltnešt ulmaš | ə̑nešt kožmakalt ulmaš |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | kožmakaltaš |
| Necessitive infinitive: | kožmakaltman |
| Active participle: | kožmakaltše |
| Passive participle: | kožmakaltme |
| Future-necessitive participle: | kožmakaltšaš |
| Negative participle: | kožmakaltdə̑me |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | kožmakaltə̑n |
| Negative gerund: | kožmakaltde |
| Gerund of prior action: | kožmakaltmek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | kožmakaltmeš(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | kožmakaltšə̑la |
| Nominalization: | kožmakaltmaš |
| Negative nominalization: | kožmakaltdə̑maš |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||